Abstract
Climate change, as one of the main challenges in the agricultural sector of the twenty-first century, has affected the production of horticultural products, including pistachios. Rising temperatures, reduced water resources, and an increased frequency of extreme climate events have made it ever more clear that traditional pistachio orchard management practices must be reevaluated, and that solutions based on mechanization and modern technologies must be adopted. The United States of America, particularly the state of California, as one of the world's leading pistachio producers, has offered valuable experience in adapting to climate change and optimizing production processes through technology. This review study examines the mechanization solutions and modern technologies employed in American pistachio orchard management with the goal of enhancing productivity and sustainability under climate change conditions. The findings indicate that the use of precision irrigation systems, smart orchard monitoring, advanced harvesting and processing machinery, and the application of big data and artificial intelligence can reduce water and input consumption, increase yield, and improve the resilience of pistachio orchards to climate-induced stresses. These experiences can provide a valuable framework for pistachio producers in other regions of the world, including Iran.